Personal statement, identify your filed of interest Essay

Personal statement, identify your filed of interest - Essay Example One can become civil engineer, however it’s connected with many challenges. All constructions grown by people exist only due to the painstaking labor and the most accurate calculations. It requires strong understanding of one fact that even slight mistake can bring many problems or even casualties, every day, thousands of people use structures constructed by civil engineers and they should serve them good. There is no place to mistakes, misconducts or half-precise calculations. It’s the greatest challenge I will have working in civil engineering. People can make mistakes and there is, of course, human factor, to avoid this I should understand my responsibility and ask for help if I am not sure about something. Working in the big team, all members should work like single body. It requires strong communicative skills and ability to team work. Failing to make good relationships with team can result in bad blueprints, or even passed mistakes, It is unacceptable and I should adapt to the needs and characters of other people to work with them in cohesive team. Project implementation also requires great skills, because structure on blueprints can be stable and good developed, however since construction is started I, as civil engineer, should control the construction during each stage to ensure that plan is carrying out

The Changing Nature Of The Family Sociology Essay

The Changing Nature Of The Family Sociology Essay In virtually all cultures, the family is considered the basic societal unit, however the nature of the typical family has changed over the decades. Families are no longer comprised of the same number of individuals as they used to be and it is thought that this is due to the impact of contemporary social forces upon individuals and their consequential effect on family structure. There are a number of different psychoanalytic hypotheses which address the possible causes of this change in family nature however it appears that all of these hypotheses emphasize the effects of social factors upon individuation and autonomy. The literature seems to hold several propositions for change in the family dynamic and nature. Schmidt has explored this changing nature in relation to adolescence in a totalitarian society; Chasseguet-Smirgel described a heightened and pathological self-sufficiency which can be related to the breakdown of family structure; and Chodorow considered the difficulty that w omen encountered, in a society where many choices were open to them, in consolidating a generative maternal identity freed from impingement by early relationships with mother and siblings.  [1]   Chasseguet-Smirgel was of the opinion that drug and alcohol addiction, eating disorders and certain kinds of sexual conduct could all be classified as behavioral changes which have enabled individuals to become more independent in nature and as such, have led individuals to have the ability to do without family members through an acquisition of control over their own lives in another sense. In a study conducted by Chasseguet-Smirgel, a description of two male patients, of which both were alcoholics, was described. These mens dependency on alcohol had replaced come about as a substituted for the nurturance, which they had not received in childhood. Patients with eating disorders were also described and these were seen as a representation of a refusal to enter the biological order of female development. It has been suggested that for an anorexic woman, restriction of food intake could be seen to represent a triumph over the need for the food whereas for bulimic individuals, binging and purging re-enactment of a self-sufficient cycle whereby ingested food was felt to represent the bulimics own faeces. From this point of view, sexuality could be viewed upon as a process which involved a dehumanisation of the object as a defense against intimacy, dependency and loss and as a consequence of this view point, all individuals with such mindsets, as described, would be all likely to have multiple partners and in some cases, multiple children. Thus, this would ultimately led to a large change in the dynamics of these families which would be the result of the multiple partners, as one male could not possibly reside in a home, which would encompass the traditional family household: one male, one female and two children.  [1]   Thus, this hypothesis of the changing nature of the family highlights the effect that pathological disorders, which have come about as part of contemporary society, have had on the family structure and nature. This has been thought to have been brought about via the development of technology which has enabled individuals to gain more control over their body and their image, so that they have been set free from the powers of nature, leading one to believe that anything is possible and most likely would have brought with it the feeling of ill-contentment with other elements of ones life,  [2]  such as their possible spouse or family, leading to a disruption of a likely family home and the formation of more single-parent families or multiple partners. (Wood et al, 2000) The blurring of parental roles and the breakdown of paternal function can also be viewed as another change in the nature of the family.  [3]  Father no longer fill the same paternal role which would have traditionally been seen and thus, this could be seen that children are no longer disciplined as fully as they might have been in the past. Chodorow explored the interplay of cultural forces, which have lead to the failure of some contemporary women to wish to conceive children. In the literature, According to Lafarge11, Chodorow mentioned three beliefs which were supported by contemporary culture and where thought to reinforce and mask womens unconscious ambivalence towards motherhood. These were the idea that motherhood and professional life were in- compatible; the sense that the women s own mothers had been trapped and passive and that they themselves should only become mothers if they could negotiate entirely different and egalitarian partnerships with men. Finally, the concept of remaining youthful led to a disavowal of natural ageing processes and declining fertility. Thus, these The cultural themes could be seen to be pivotal in the fact that a number of women no longer have children, and as such, the family home would have comprised of a male and a female without any children or of no companion at all, and inste ad, simply a male or female living alone. Within modern day society, the passage of time, and the fact that women are more likely to have careers and thus have children later on in their life, changed the family dynamic and nature in itself. Furthermore, the unconscious denial of the passage of time can be seen to act to enable individuals to miss the time to have children and thus not have any children or, indeed have children very late on in their lives, which ultimately would lead to a lower number of children being born to one couple, reducing the number or the traditional family to one child from two (or, in more early times, more than two children.)  [4]   Schmidt presented the results of a research project in which adolescents from a former communist society were compared with those from a Western capitalist democracy. Eight adolescents from each country were interviewed. The findings of this study showed that there were features which were typical to only some of the members of those interviewed and nott to others. For example, features in the Russian adolescents which were associated with growing up in a communist society were witnessed. These adolescents tended to put forward an unchallenging conformist identity which assured their safety within a totalitarian regime. Individual wishes, criticisms and disruptive feelings were denied or projected; the adolescents appeared somewhat frozen, unable to compare present, past and future, or to work through painful experiences. It was thought that the impersonal self which these individuals projected arose both as a direct effect of the totalitarian society upon individual development an d as an indirect effect, mediated by the effect of the society upon the family. It was thought that Western societies valued private life and the continuity of personal and family identity and that this was different to the values observed within other regimes. For example, in communist societies, the individual and the family were less privileged, and were subordinated to the needs of the state. Even if the childs earliest development took place within the individualizing setting of a nurturing family, the state quickly assumed responsibility for the child and placed a collective stamp upon his development. Furthermore, the literature presents the findings that in the totalitarian state this eroded the family structure, and in particular this damaged the paternal functioning.  [1]  It has been noted that the father receded into the background in most of the Russian adolescents. In such individuals, the boys tended to have a stronger personality and this has been thought to effect the way in which the individuals would act as part of the family and would alter the nature of the family in this setting. Thus, from an assessment of the literature, social structure, family structure and personality structure stand in a complex relation to one another. Adult development does not give women sufficient social changes that they encounter before they encounter the limits of their fertility and this has lead to a decrease in the number of members found within a typical family in contemporary society. Hence, factors such as social change, changing family structure and the fantasies and personality structures that are linked to them may all be responsible for the changing nature of the family which can be seen within todays society.

Fear of Flying and Classical Conditioning Theory Essays -- Classical C

How Lauren may have learned of her Fear of Flying? How Lauren learned she had a fear in flying? Using the Classical Conditioning theory the possibilities could be endless. Classical conditioning in simple terms is the method in which one determines why and the cause of a condition as well as what has brought it about. There are many stimulus both conditioned and unconditioned that can cause fear or other problems, but the major reason for causes regarding the fear of flying has been mentioned in several articles regarding anxiety disorders. Fear of flying is created by the unconscious mind as a protective mechanism. When using the neutral stimulus explanation, Lauren may not have had a relevant response of interest. Lauren may have learned something or heard someone from her past that caused the continuous fear. Due to the facts in this case, there’s little information to provide us regarding Lauren. First we know she’s afraid to fly, but we have no further information regarding the condition that caused the fear or the circumstances to what led to this fear. The first step in Pavlov’s theory is trying to discover how Lauren’s fear came about, but without more information one can only speculate or guess how Lauren’s condition developed. Pavlov’s theory states several actions and read actions that could have caused Lauren’s Condition. The conditioning of the plane could be neutral stimulus, and the activities on the plane is the unconditioned stimulus. During condit...

Personal Response to Dear Daddy Essay

The short story Dear Daddy by Lee Maracle brought me back the tears that I, too, had as a child. I felt pitiful for the main character’s experience and deeply impressed by the thirteen-year-old girl’s courage of getting over her negative feelings for the past and going on with her life. The story, written in the form of a letter, shows the process of a thirteen-year-old girl becoming more mature as she expresses her grievances from her tragic childhood. At the beginning of the story, she described both the emotional and physical difficulties her family suffered through because of the absence of her father. She felt lonely, insecure and confused as she hoped that her father would come back. â€Å"Sometimes I had bad dreams. I would dream the welfare took us away and no one missed us, not even mommy. Daddy where were you?† (Page 163) At the end of the letter, however, the girl started to understand that her view of the world before was unbalanced and incomplete, â €Å"through a thin veil full of small holes†. (Page 165) She felt more released and started to notice â€Å"the greatness of the world†. (Page 165) She began to treasure all the memories she had with her family instead of thinking about her misery all the time, â€Å"we carried on living.† (Page 165) There was a great transition of her character from the beginning to the end of the letter. The girl’s story reminded me of myself. Although I did not have a childhood filled with misery, I did have similar feelings as her when I first came to Canada at the age of thirteen. Unlike a lot of people, I did not have enough time to get ready for a new environment. My parents told me that we were immigrating to Canada exactly one week before we left China. It almost felt like my feet were already on the Canadian land before I knew it. For a long time I felt extremely lonely, unsecure, and uncertain about my future. I missed my friends, my old teachers, and the nice big house we had in China. For the thirteen years of my life in China, I had have depressions, but never as hard as this one because I always had a best friend that could support me and comfort me. This time, I had no one. Like the mother in Dear Daddy, my parents had to work, so it was almost impossible to express my feelings to anyone. â€Å"It was hard, now that mommy was working.† One midnight when I woke up from a bad dream, I saw two tiny mice climbing on my bedroom window. I was horrified as I had never seen a real wild mouse before. Because of my parents’ hard work during the day,  they were in deep sleeps. Like the girl in the story, I did not make a noise when I cried. â€Å"It took me such long time to stop crying and finally fall asleep. I knew better than making noise—just tears trailing down my cheeks.† (Page 163) For the same purpose as the girl’s letter in the story, to express myself, I started to write journals every day. I gradually thought about my past less and less. Instead, I started to study hard and try to make new friends and â€Å"carried on living† like the thirteen-year-old girl. I greatly admire the girl for her courage of moving on with her life instead of thinking about the past all the time. I have done the same before and I knew that it was very hard especially when her life was such a misery. I believe that the lesson the story tries to teach people is that sinking in the past can only bring more misery, while life is wonderful if we view it with tolerate and tranquil eyes.

Critical and Evaluative Response to Virginia Woolf’s Professions for Women Essay

Critical and Evaluative Response to Virginia Woolf’s Professions for Women Virginia Woolf (1882-1941), a British author and feminist, was born and grew up in London. At that time girls weren’t sent to school, so she was educated by her parents. Although she was a woman, Woolf became a significant figure in London literature society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Professions for Women is one of her essays in which she talks about the difficulties women should deal with in all kinds of professions. This essay is considerably impressive. It made me think about myself, as a woman, and the problems I face during the path to success. Woolf points out to many obstacles that women fight when becoming â€Å"a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant†, (277) etc. They are held back by their fears and doubts as well as society’s beliefs and judgments. Woolf talks about a â€Å"phantom† (274) that used to interrupt her when she was writing. She says that phantom is an obstacle that women should get rid of it to reach their goal. In my opinion â€Å"phantom† can be anything. Everyone, regardless of kind, class, sex has his/her own phantom. It represents an obstacle of the mind. It’s a negative thought that comes between us and our aims, and keeps us back from maintaining the success. It’s something we have to learn to break to improve ourselves, and as Woolf says â€Å"It is far harder to kill a phantom than a reality† (275). Woolf uses beautiful metaphor to explain the â€Å"phantom. † She likens it to an â€Å"Angel†, and calls her â€Å"The Angel in the House† (274), and continues â€Å"It was she who bothered me and wasted my time and so tormented me that at last I killed her†, and describes her briefly: â€Å"She was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (274). Woolf also makes a strong imagination of herself â€Å"writing a novel in a state of trance†: â€Å"The image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water† (276). These literary figures attracted me and made me want to read more by this writer. The essay is mostly in a narrative style of writing. Woolf uses narration to describe what occurred to her when she was writing. She tells the story of how she did the battle with the â€Å"Angle†, which represents women’s hesitation and fear, and overcame the phantom that wanted to prevent her from being her true self. She goes on to talk about what happened after she has â€Å"killed† the â€Å"Angel. † She found that after we overwhelm one of our weaknesses there are many more to come. There are more personal obstacles we must jump over as well as society’s obstacles. In my opinion this essay has and had a very effective reflection of women’s life style. Woolf encourages women to take professional careers, such as a doctor or a lawyer, and also encourages them to actively participate in society. It says that in order to maintain the success, we have to face many oncoming obstacles, whether they are material or society or even ourselves.

the search for justice essays

the search for justice essays Life is Beautiful can be described as a tragicomedy which portrays the Holocaust as a game which can be won if you dont get caught. This film was written and produced by Roberto Benigni in 1998. The film Escape from Sobibor was written by Richard Rashke and produced in 1987. It was based on a true story that the Nazis couldnt hide. I chose both movies because of the different views they portrayed of the Holocaust. It seems that in both movies, survival and hope are the two strongest characteristics of the Jewish people. Each movie depicts this in a different way. Robert Benigni portrays the Nazi concentration camp as a game with his son in order to shelter him from the cruel aspects of the camp, where as in the Escape from Sobibor, the main goal is to escape the cruelty of the camp. Life is Beautiful is a fictional movie based on the surrounding facts of the Holocaust. Escape from Sobibor is a true story written by a survivor himself. In Life is Beautiful, the most meaningful aspects of the movie were the conversations Benigni had with his son. It shows how far the father would go to protect his son and the love he had for him. It allowed you to feel the compassion of the situation despite the Nazi concentration camp. This story was written from a paternal perspective yet still being able to identify with the images of the Holocaust. This movie showed me how to live life positively. It shows how even in the worst situations you can still laugh and still love. Escape from Sobibor allowed you to feel the desperation and hopelessness of the Jewish people. It was written from the Jewish prisoners perspective and portrayed their determination to obtain their freedom they once had. The movie showed a perspective that is not widely known. Sobibor is a little known concentration camp and the events surrounding it are not known either. Watching the people get off the train, knowing that they we...

Government in United States of America essays

Government in United States of America essays In this essay I will give a short history of the government in United States of America (U.S.). Then I will describe each of the three branches of government in the U.S. and the relationship between In principle, the U.S. is a democratic republic, they govern themselves by choosing their leaders by secret ballot, and these leaders in turn make the rules. Americans started "governing themselves" as a nation on July 4th, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia by representatives of the thirteen British colonies in North America. These states joined together formally in 1781 under a first "constitution," the Articles of Confederation. That loose union of the states was replaced by the Constitution of the U.S. in 1789. This document (amended 26 times) is still the political foundation of the U.S. Being based on a written constitution, the U.S. government is committed in principle to the rule of law. To guarantee the rights of free speech, a free press, freedom of religion etc. the first ten amendments, called the "Bill of Rights" were adopted in 1791. There are three levels of government in the U.S. Local government (city/county), state government, and federal government. Here I will pay most attention to the federal government. Many of the concepts of the U.S. government can be traced to progressive thinkers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, e.g. Locke, Spinoza, Blackstone, and Montesquiueu. Out of some of their thoughts the U.S. government system with the three branches were made: A legislative branch (Congress), an Executive branch (President), and a judicial branch (Supreme Court). The Constitution is most of all a document of checks and balances: among the three branches of the federal government; and between the levels of The legislative branch (Congress) that has the power to make laws valid for the whole country. Powers like the regulation of taxes...

Berry College - SAT Scores, Costs and Admissions Data

Berry College - SAT Scores, Costs and Admissions Data Berry College has an acceptance rate of 62 percent. Applicants can choose from the Common Application or Berrys own online application. There is no application fee. All applicants must submit SAT scores or ACT scores and a high school transcript. An essay and letters of recommendation are optional. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2017) Berry College Acceptance Rate: 62 percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Berry AdmissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 570 / 660SAT Math: 550 / 640What these SAT numbers meanTop Georgia college SAT comparisonACT Composite: 24 / 29ACT English: 24 / 30ACT Math: 22  / 27What these ACT numbers meanTop Georgia college ACT comparison Berry College Description Founded in 1902, Berry College is a private  liberal arts college  located in Rome, Georgia, a little over an hour from Atlanta. Berry has the distinction of having the largest contiguous campus in the world. At 26,000 acres, the Berry campus encompasses fields, woodlands, and an entire mountain. Students will find lots of options for outdoor activities such as biking, hiking and horseback riding. For a small college, Berry offers a wide range of academic programs through its four schools including dual-degree programs in Engineering with  Georgia Tech  and Nursing with  Emory University. Berry has a large endowment which has allowed it to expand facilities in recent years and offer all students grant aid. The college has a 12 to 1  student faculty ratio, an excellent work experience program that is open to all students, and a strong national reputation. Overall, Berry College represents an excellent educational value. Horse lovers should note that Berry made our list ofà ‚  top equestrian colleges. Enrollment (2017) Total Enrollment: 2,110  (1,978 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 39 percent male / 61 percent female98 percent full-time Costs (2017 - 18) Tuition and Fees: $35,176Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,260Other Expenses: $2,196Total Cost: $50,632 Berry College Financial Aid (2016- 17) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100 percentLoans: 54 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $21,883Loans: $7,700 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Animal Science, Biology, Communication, Early Childhood Education, Psychology, Business AdministrationWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 78 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 57 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 64 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Football, Swimming, Tennis, Basketball, Baseball, Golf, Lacrosse, Track and Field, SoccerWomens Sports:  Soccer, Equestrian, Track and Field, Volleyball, Swimming, Tennis, Soccer, Lacrosse, Golf Berry and the Common Application Berry College uses the Common Application. These articles can help guide you: Common Application essay tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental essay tips and samples Data Source: National Center for Education Statistics

Consider the relative contribution of classical and operatn Essay

Consider the relative contribution of classical and operatn conditioning to problem gambling - Essay Example This paper will look at various theories and therapies related with gambling behavior with the focus on conditioning theories. As gambling is becoming a popular activity, the problems associated with gambling are also increasing. Because of this, it has become necessary to do extensive research into the different facets of gambling including the behaviors that influence gambling, the negative effects it can have, and treatment of gambling addicts. Researchers have also tried to classify gamblers into various categories using different criteria. For example, Abbott, Palmisano & Dickerson (1995) classify gamblers as excessive of normal gamblers; Fisher (1993) classifies them as social or pathological gamblers; Gupta & Derevensky (1998) classify them as social, problem, or pathological gamblers; Shaffer et al. (1994) classify them as non-pathological, in-transition, or pathological gamblers; and Vitaro, Arseneault & Tremblay (1999) classify them as recreational, low-problem, or high-problem gamblers. (cited in Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002) These differences in the classification of gamblers have also resulted in non-applicability of a single gambling model to the overall population of gamblers, although there are other various reasons too. A single theoretical model of gambling cannot explain and account for the various biological, psychological and social factors that are related with problem gambling. Problem Gambling Problem gambling can be defined as a "gambling behavior which causes disruptions in any major area of life: psychological, physical, social, or vocational." (The National Council , nd. n.p.) Problem gambling also includes what other researchers like Blaszczynski & Nower (2002) have referred to as pathological gambling. Pathological gambling refers to an enduring and repeated maladaptive gambling behavior, in which the gambler cannot control the desire to gamble, which may bring harmful psychosocial results: personal, familial, financial, professional, or legal. (APA, 1994; cited in Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002) Because of his inability to control his gambling behavior, a problem gambler may harm his own self, his family or the community. For example, a problem gambler will give priority to his gambling habits over his family's needs, and therefore, will not care about destroying his familial life as a normal person would care. There are some symptoms that are commonly found in problem gamblers although they do not necessarily mean that a person is involved in problem gambling. These signs include but are not limited to headaches, back pain, insomnia, ADHD, anxiety. (Tessier & Ballon, 2003) It is recommended that when such orders are frequently found in a patient, a physician should test him for problem gambling. Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning revolves around the concepts of stimulus and response. A stimulus is anything that brings a response in the subject. A response is a reaction that is brought by the

Social Economic Development and the Human Resources Management Article

Social Economic Development and the Human Resources Management - Article Example As the paper declares  workplace conflicts are increasing rapidly in the firms which employ people of different backgrounds. Social development policies are aiming to increase collaboration, positive interaction and exchange of beliefs among the employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study outlines that economic development on the other hand referred to growth of economic prosperity of the country or areas. Residents of the countries like USA, UK, China, India, Australia and many other developed and   developing countries are considering economic growth as one of the major responsibility. Financial growth and purchasing power parity are considered as the major indicators of the economic development. Countries are using the parameters like the gross domestic product, real national income, and per capita income in order to judge the economic capacity of the peoples. Economic development refers to more in depth boost of country capacity. Such development process is used by the nations in o rder to improving the economic, political, and social beneficiary of residents and other peoples involved.  GDP is mainly representing the total value of products and services within country borders yearly. Gross domestic income (GDI) is similar to GDP according to their functionality.  Mainly the strategy covers various employee welfare activities that are adopted by the organizations.  Various requirements of the personal lifestyles are required to be maintained in order to motivate and satisfy stakeholders.

How do children develop pragmatic and conversation skills and how Essay

How do children develop pragmatic and conversation skills and how might their communication be affected by a disability at this - Essay Example Moreover, it was also observed that children tend to speak differently to their fellow children compared to how they converse with older people. Therefore, pragmatics also became an important aspect in the researches. The above-mentioned studies will be discussed further in this paper including the fact that there are also instances wherein conversation and pragmatic skills are affected by cases of disorders. In the modern world, children with disabilities are increasing. Nevertheless, instead of treating them as invalid, more and more advocates are suggesting that these special people should be treated as normal people who are able to do things just like the others who have no disabilities. Therefore, it is most important to look further into these conditions and consider how their communication skills are affected in order for normal people to adjust to their conditions and understand them, instead of worsening their situations. II. Children Discourse Parents are known to be the fi rst teachers of their children because as expected, they are the very first ones to be dealing with the child at home. They may not often be aware of it, but they are teaching children conversational and pragmatic skills with the way they treat them. ... tion is a dynamic interaction that consists of a source, who has a purpose that is understandable to another person, and an encoder, who is able to understand the meaning of the message† (2003). For instance, when a person asks a child what his father’s name is, he should be able to tell his father’s name and not his own name. In this case, the source is the person asking the question whose purpose is to know the name of the child’s father and the child is known as the encoder. Such skill however, does not automatically occur, but is gained through constant communication with the child, identifying and explaining his relationships with the people and things around him as the child grasps the information. This supports the nature and nurture theories that sought to simplify understanding of how children develop communication skills. Nature theory suggests that â€Å"humans have an inborn mechanism in the brain for mastering language called Language Acquisit ion Device (LAD)† (Santrock, 1988; Santrock, 1995; Schement, 2002; Sigelman & Rider, 2006). This so-called device is the innate factor that enables a child to learn and adjust his language skills as he communicates with the people around him. This is basically what makes a child able to acquire understanding of words, their meanings and uses. Eventually, as the vocabulary of a child increases, he learns how to converse with other people, using the words he acquired in manner that he is understood. Moreover, the conversation skills of a child are improved as he adjusts his understanding of phonology or sound system, semantics or word meanings as well as syntax or form and structure of language through the help of the LAD as his experiences increase (Santrock, 1988; Santrock, 1995; Schement, 2002; Sigelman &

Church and Baroque Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Church and Baroque Art - Essay Example Baroque is an artistic word commonly used in the 17th century describing the art movement, which occurred in the 15th and 16th century. Baroque artwork mainly focused on classism and romanticism. This style of artwork originated in Italy then moved to Europe during the period of protestant reformation and religious upheaval. At that time, money and power was common in Europe; thus, influencing baroque. These resources elaborated and created social standing of prominent luminaries in Europe. Baroque artist specialized in oil painting, sculpture, architecture and music. The main theme of the baroque period was Catholic Church because it supported, permitted and encouraged artistic works that depicted religious imagery. Before the religious upheaval of the 16th century spread across Western Europe, both music and art was common among the churches. However, religious upheaval of the 16th century had numerous impacts on the arts of the sixteenth and seventeenth century. This is because, d uring the Middle Ages, Christian art in Europe flourished. During the period, artworks dominated the churches making the popes to become the patrons of both art and architecture. After the 16th century religious upheaval, the Catholic popes continued to embrace art by encouraging most catholic churches around the world to imitate art forms. However, the protestant churches did not advocate for the cathedral buildings because they did not require huge structures for their simple religious purposes.

Steps of Learning to Read Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Steps of Learning to Read - Research Paper Example Recognition is by production and the ability to write alphabetic letters not necessarily in order. The primary aim is to enable the child encode sounds he/she hears. For example, writing ‘c – a – t’ to represent the sounds heard in the word â€Å"cat† (Santa, 1999).The challenge involve making the student to know how to spell out upper and lower case letters differently. Firstly, individuals are trained how to spell and sound the letters. For instance, the learners are taught on how to spell letter b.Then, the students are taught how to air the initial sounds in short words that are succeeded by the endings. The last sounds to be learned are the medial sounds heard. Learners are shown on identification and matching of the sounds heard, and then encode a letter for the sounds heard (Spufford, 1979). A learner should be able to appreciate familiar letter patterns. This may be a good strategy to learn a new word that is similar to already heard words. A better example is ball and call. Building words takes the skill further. Any young person will always learn to handle those words that keep changing and place them in a coded form. That with a new letter. A good example is the word ‘hat’. Convert a single letter to make it ‘sat’ (Darnton, 1986). The significance of Sight word vocabulary is to enable a child learn to read words that are hard to decode phonetically. A child will conceptualize and read short sentences with sight vocabulary. As time goes by the learner may be in a position to recognize the group of letters as the word (Spufford, 1979). Punctuation and capitalization are socially acceptable and are passed to learners as signals in the reading or writing process. Readers for the first time should learn to stop at a given juncture to avoid terminating a sentence before it ends. Appreciation of basic punctuation is adhered to following apostrophes to represent

Working Conditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Working Conditions - Essay Example As we all very well know, nuclear blasts are the worst and it is up to nuclear engineers to ensure that the radioactive substances operate at optimal temperature. Furthermore, a nuclear engineer is often expected to risk his life and health every time he or she enters the reactor chamber (Mulembo, 2007). Employees of this nuclear plant are adequately informed regarding the risks involved in working in such stations. Protective gears are often provided the management that provides protection from the emitted radiation emanating from the decaying radioactive substance (Rajput, 2006). Furthermore, education regarding the dangers of exposure to radiation is well known to the employees and hence makes sure that they minimally expose them to the radiations (Rajput, 2006). Furthermore, the government has regulations regarding the working conditions and the amount of radiation expected at the working place as it protects the employees’ rights of a favourable working environment (Rajput, 2006). There are also other environmental and work policies regarding the amount of radiation that can be exposed to a given individual. I do not feel the risk is acceptable as radiation ultimately results in cell damage that eventually leads to cancer development. Hence such a risk is a ticking time bomb for the workers and is unacceptable (Rajput, 2006). The risk involved in this job far much more out ways benefits since radiation exposure usually result in changes a cellular

Steps of Learning to Read Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Steps of Learning to Read - Research Paper Example Recognition is by production and the ability to write alphabetic letters not necessarily in order. The primary aim is to enable the child encode sounds he/she hears. For example, writing ‘c – a – t’ to represent the sounds heard in the word â€Å"cat† (Santa, 1999).The challenge involve making the student to know how to spell out upper and lower case letters differently. Firstly, individuals are trained how to spell and sound the letters. For instance, the learners are taught on how to spell letter b.Then, the students are taught how to air the initial sounds in short words that are succeeded by the endings. The last sounds to be learned are the medial sounds heard. Learners are shown on identification and matching of the sounds heard, and then encode a letter for the sounds heard (Spufford, 1979). A learner should be able to appreciate familiar letter patterns. This may be a good strategy to learn a new word that is similar to already heard words. A better example is ball and call. Building words takes the skill further. Any young person will always learn to handle those words that keep changing and place them in a coded form. That with a new letter. A good example is the word ‘hat’. Convert a single letter to make it ‘sat’ (Darnton, 1986). The significance of Sight word vocabulary is to enable a child learn to read words that are hard to decode phonetically. A child will conceptualize and read short sentences with sight vocabulary. As time goes by the learner may be in a position to recognize the group of letters as the word (Spufford, 1979). Punctuation and capitalization are socially acceptable and are passed to learners as signals in the reading or writing process. Readers for the first time should learn to stop at a given juncture to avoid terminating a sentence before it ends. Appreciation of basic punctuation is adhered to following apostrophes to represent

Consumer behavior about the target-based internet market in China Dissertation

Consumer behavior about the target-based internet market in China - Dissertation Example 14 Abstract This research focuses on the determination of the factors influencing target-based internet marketing in China. The researcher focuses on the use of the said target-based internet markets as well as the perceptions of the consumers in the People’s Republic of China. In order to determine this, this study undertakes the quantitative approach, focusing on the use of the survey questionnaire method in collecting pertinent data with respect to the same. 1- Background of Dissertation Research Various conditions emphasize the effects of the growth of the internet on marketing in the People’s Republic of China. Undeniably, this is directly linked to the experience of the consumers. Various researchers have suggested that the consumer market in China has only developed in the last ten years. This thus means that the traditional manner by which the Westerners shop is absent in China. In this sense, online shopping is easier to instill in the Chinese consumer as compa red with their Western counterparts as there is no habitual behavior that marketers may change. This is also true in relation to the consumption of information with respect to brands, focusing on how the consumers in China learn about products and brands. From the perspective of marketing communication, it is highlighted that the impact of online information is very high in China. Undoubtedly, the internet provides the Chinese citizens with open and unregulated alternative to media channels that were traditionally used. 2- Aim, Research Questions and Objective of the Dissertation 2.1- Aim of the Dissertation The researcher aims to solicit the behavior of customers with respect to the prevalence of target-based internet markets. In view of the same, the researcher also aims to look into the various reasons behind the consumer’s preference for target-based internet markets. 2.2- Research Questions of the Dissertation This research also aims to answer the following research ques tions: 1. How do consumers feel about target-based internet markets? 2. What are the factors that contribute to the good perceptions of consumers with respect to target-based internet markets? 3. Why do consumers prefer target-based internet markets? 4. How do target-based internet markets influence the behavior of consumers with respect to intent to purchase? 2.3- Research Objectives The researcher also aims to address the following research objectives: 1. To determine how customers feel about target-based internet markets; 2. To look into the factors that contribute to the perceptions of consumers with respect to target-based internet markets; 3. To look into the reasons behind the consumers’ preference for target-based internet markets; and lastly, 4. To look into how target-based internet markets influence the behavior of consumers as regards the intent to purchase. 3- Indicative Literature Review 3.1- The Evolution of Advertising in the Internet Age This section of the l iterature review focuses on the evolution of the traditional role of advertising, most especially in the internet age, considering the fact that this literature review focuses on consumer behavior and target-based internet market. Shaver (2007) argues that in a rapidly evolving media environment, the success of the media and the companies depend on advertising revenues as well as those advertisers who make use of media in order to transcend information with respect to th

Use of Technology to curb crimes in sri Lanka

Use of Technology to curb crimes in sri Lanka INTRODUCTION Crime rates Sri Lanka is continued to grow like a social melanoma since 1944. New methods are required in order to take decisions regarding a crime. In such an occasion, the court of law takes assistance of criminology. Main components of the criminology are zoology, chemistry, physics, computer science, statistics, and mathematics. The capital punishment is not reopened with human rights point of view. Unfortunately nowadays we observe that the crimes are so common occurrence in our country. Criminals search for numerous ways in order to commit crimes with the use of advance of the technology. All crime searching mechanisms of our country should be modified with the modern high technology methods in order to curb crimes. Not only the policies of a country, but also techniques which we use to prevent crimes contribute to the increase of the crime rates. 2 Being a democratic country, we do not practice capital punishment regarding offenders. The rate of crimes could be reduced certain extent utilizing the new technology. More over poverty contributes to increase the crime rate of our country. 3. Most of crimes are not reported or not recorded, not followed through, or not able to be proved.   Every crime violates the law, while every violation of the law does not count as a crime. As an example:  breaches of contact  are ranked as offence under the civil law, but it is not considered as a crime. AIM 4. The aim of this paper is to examine the use of technology to curb crimes and to maintain the law and order in Sri Lanka. HISTORY 5. The idea of crime came from legendary or mythology. Some religious communities consider crime as a sin. Good religious preachings had pointed out the consequences of committing crimes in historical books. Searching criminals and punishing them is a judiciary process in order to minimize the crime rate of a country or a society. Further the Department of Police has responsibility to submit offenders to the courts. The father of the criminology is considered as professor Edmond Lokard. He made a famous saying that every touch makes substances. 6. Sri Lanka practiced a court system for criminals in the history called Raja Sabha and it was an evidence based methodology which had been used to identify the criminals. Presently Sri Lanka use modern technology to detect crimes to a certain extent.    REASONS FOR CRIMES 7. Basically crimes in our country are taken place because of following reasons. Some of these reasons could be controlled with using modern technology for a certain extent. Those reasons are as follows: a. Poverty of the country. b. Morale values. c. Education of the citizens. d. Religious motivation. e. Social problems. f. Public perception. g. Gun culture. h. Drugs usage/drugs trafficking/illicit drugs. i. Degrading minorities. PRESENT PROCEDURE ON CRIMES IN SRI LANKA 8. Crime can be classified into categories as follows: a. Crimes against property. b. Crimes against Public order. c. Crimes in form of violent. 9. Mainly police handle crimes. When there is requirement of using technology, the police make use the police officers who are well trained on criminal investigation. these officers are called Scene of Crime Officers (SOCO). Once after recover any crime, the police produced relevant suspect or suspects in front of the courts. If not, the police carry out investigation on the order of the court. 10. Magistrates court or a High Court is having primary jurisdiction in the cases of crimes. The respective legal domains are provided by the Code of Criminal Procedure. REQUIREMENT OF TECHNOLOGY IN CRIMES DETECTION 11. Ordinary people commit crimes normally. Legal personals and police personal who are trained in handling crimes may also commit crimes. Then the detection of crimes is difficult. 12. Presently the advance technologies are used for crimes. Therefore, detection of crimes is not easy task like the ancient era. 13. Sri Lanka being a third world country the techniques used for crime prevention is in an infant age. Sri Lankan Crime statistics shows that most of crimes are pending on investigation giving us some idea about the investigation system of our country. Most of occasions technological failure paved way for the pending investigations. As examples following statistics relevant to the grave crimes indicate that we are to go for new technology: Ser no Year Total no of grave crimes Pending on investigation 1. 2010 27024 15959 2. 2009 57182 28448 3. 2008 60693 29800 4. 2007 56215 27009 5. 2006 60932 28650 (Source: Web Site Department of Police, Sri Lanka) 14. Since we faced 30 years war in recent past, most of people are trained on handling weapons. Some weapons may be remained in underground. There may be so many explosives and weapons which have not been detected by security forces. Though it is not imminent but some time later on, there is a tendency to increase crimes in account of these hidden items. .15. There were instances where some people tried to print money with common use of computer technology. With the available internet facilities, some people try to get knowledge for crimes. Some people may maintain contacts with foreign terrorists groups and criminals using intent facilities and other public communication systems. 16. General use of mobile phone also may be contributed for organized crimes. It is provided connectivity among criminals or criminal organizations. With commercial aim any one is permitted to get mobile connection without revealing so many personal particulars. Some body may use this easiness of mobile connectivity to achieve criminal objectives. Intelligence sources are bound with the existing law to do their operation freely. But when we are using modern technology to reveal these it is very much speed as well as efficient and effective. 17. .During the last three decades of war in Sri Lanka, when military forces achieved some gains in north, the consequences were in Colombo. Colombo is the economic hub of Sri Lanka. Any terrorists or any criminal can make grave losses to the economy of Sri Lanka if he or she targets on economic vulnerable places in Colombo. Some time it was revealed that LTTE carders used national identity card with a Muslim name. With using those identity cards they managed to come to Colombo. 18. Banks and other financial institution in our country give chance for anyone to open bank account in their banks. Minimum attention is given to the circulation of money in the account. Criminals can operate somewhere but handler of the criminals may be in somewhere. Even in the Minister Jeyaraj Fernandopulles case: it was revealed that the criminal had another identity card with a Tamil name which he had use to open a bank account to facilitate his expenses. 19. Our security forces ways of searching people and questioning people are not yet improved. It requires modification with new technology. Old searching methods of people are not suit for the present requirements. As an example: the Minister Jeyaraj Fernandopulles case, the police arrested a Tamil girl for questioning about the handler and the suicide bomber and she committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule whilst in custody. In this instance, police found that the capsule had been hidden inside her vagina to avoid detection. 20. There were some abnormal cases where father raped his daughter or grandfather raped her innocent granddaughter. Since society is so much cruel there should be effective way to identify those offenders removing there voluble curtain like father or grandfather. TECHNOLOGY IN PRESENT FOR DETECTION OF CRIMES 21. Present technology to detect crimes can be considered as a guide for Sri Lanka crime prevention technology. During last humanitarian war period, the Terrorist Investigation Division (TID) and the CID of the Sri Lanka Police, were able to detect many sophisticated communication equipment of the LTTE and have arrested many LTTE cadres operating in Colombo with using modern technology. This paved the way for Colombo to be relatively free of incidents. 22. Any criminal from center part of the country may rape an innocent girl in south or north. He may escape without giving any evidence. But since DNA technology is used it is easy to find the suspect. But there is a problem with the cost of DNA research. 23. To judge the time of a murder, researches are conducted on skulk of a human body or else any other parts. It is sometimes help to identify criminals. 24. As technology continues to develop, the accuracy of information is increased. In August 2000 the accuracy of GPS signals was within 2 meters. We can use this technology for crime prevention. 25. Our preventive measures involve an increase in standard domestic intelligence. Understanding of terrorist functions increases the ability to prevent terror attacks effectively. 26. If suspect persons any cell of body excluding blood is remained as evidence, genetic code is to be tested. It may be his strait of hair, any small cell of the body. In case of a rape, criminals can be detected with following: a. Trees and soil of the place where the rape was taken place. b. Some patches taken place when trying to escape. c. Any strings of hair of the offender, d. Sperm of the offender. e. Suspected persons cloths. f. Any small injuries during the rape. 27. Observation of the Place of Crime. Following new technology are used in a place of crime. a. Use camera for surveillance. b. Storing data with a computer. c. Photographing using sensible camera. d. Storing of evidence with using computer. 28. Touching Evidence. Touching evidence is very much important in criminology. Basic consideration is paved for substance of physical components. Fingerprints are very much important evidence. New technology can be used for identifying fingerprints, recording fingerprints, scanning the small evidence materials, deciding time of a crime, where normal eye cannot identify the small substance. Touching evidence are used for following fields of crimes: a. Vehicle accident b. smuggling 29. Weapons and Explosives Weapons and explosives are used for crimes. There are so many types of explosives which are in used. Explosives can be a one chemical or compound. It may be a solid or liquid. Now explosives detectors are used. Since the new mine detectors are most effective they can be used for detection purposes. PROBLEMS 30. With considering nature of the crimes, tendency of the criminals, there is a higher requirement to use the modern technology. Following problems are identified in order to use the technology in reducing crimes and maintaining law and order of the country. Those difficulties are as follows: a. Since a considerable time Sri Lankan police service has using communications equipments to communicate with each police station. But when we consider the security, speed, efficiency it is too behind with the requirements. b. There is a vaccum of capable police personals to be used in crime detection purposes and technology handling. c. Morden fire arms are used by criminals d. In competitive world explosives are introduced with so many forms. e. Research on DNA is very much expensive. But it will help to identify criminals. Lack of researchers to do DNA tests is another problem. f. there is a lack of laboratory facilities with modern technology to detect crimes. g. Preventing crime is easy rather than searching after committed a crime and it is saving voluble properties in the form of man power or material. h. Drugs trafficking is a major issue. i. There are some places where crimes are repeating. Police dominance of the area is not enough to control the crimes. Sometimes there is a specific time which crimes are repeating. j. As per the common practice of law of our country, which trial a case in a court not suitable for some cases. As an example a real criminal may be escape from the punishment if a talent lawyer talks on behalf of him. He has to spend a great deal of money to get advices and service of the lawyer. And same manner an innocent man may be convicted for a crime if he is not taking assistance from a good layer. k. Our countrys judiciary system is functioning well. But in criminal cases pending on trial cases are very much high since the criminal cases are to be proved beyond the reasonable doubt. It requires some modification. In modern technology computers can be feed with intelligence and our penal code as well as other laws which help to take the decisions. Then the judgment could be taken without delay. l. Normal tendency of an offender is to do the offence habitually. When we consider about the data of a local police station this is a common tendency. Normally inquiries are recorded in a book. For minor offences are neglected for first or second times. Then someone may compel to do the crimes. Because the police have to search in so many books some offenders past behavior may be hidden. If a police station got a data source which can available immediately police can go for a study of any offenders history. As a result even a minor offences are repeated, the offender is to be punished to avoid crimes. When we consider about few criminals it is common truth that they have initially done small offences and later on crimes. m. Vehicles are being used by so many types of people. Criminals are also using vehicles. Criminals may commit a crime in a far away distance, and come back in few minutes using vehicles. Then tracking the criminals using search dogs is much difficult. n. Emergency telephone numbers which were published by the Department of Police are commonly use by the general public. That will help Police personals to locate the place of crimes and take actions without delay. For example 119 and 118 numbers are commonly used. But most of times these numbers are engaged with some conversations. o. Sudden provocations are making so many crimes in our country. When we consider about crimes history of our country it is so much clear. We can use modern technology to enhance the patient ability of such selected group of people with using computer games. p. Punishment may be helped to reduce crimes to some extent. But if we are going for a major reduction of the crimes in Sri Lanka following crimes generating areas are to be addressed giving reasonable solutions with using modern technology. q. In some occasions fingerprints are being used to identify the criminals. The fingerprint system had been used by prehistoric people. 31. There are numbers of poisons which are used in Sri Lanka for making crimes in the form of murder, committing suicide, homicide, culpable homicides. There is a new tendency in Sri Lanka for abortions with using illicit means. When in such a case researches on the victims body is to be carried out. New technology is used for those researchers. There is a scarcity of laboratory facilities with modern technology for these purposes. SUMMERY 32. Considerable number of reason is contributing to increase crimes in Sri Lanka. Controlling crimes is a need of hour in the country. In the process of controlling the crimes, Sri Lanka may face some barriers. Reconciling those barriers is required to reduce the crimes. Reducing crimes will help to maintain the peace and order of the country. RECOMMENDATIONS 33 It is recommended that: a. Every police station is to be provided with LAN and WAN system to impart information quickly. b. In order to reduce pending investigations of crime, police personals should be provided training on special equipments which are used for crime detection. c. Selected police personals should be provided with training on special arms which small in size. d. All police personals to be trained to identify various explosives. New equipment to identify explosives is proposed to import. e. Studies on DNA to expose crime can be expanding under the guidance of the government of Sri Lanka. f. In order to detect crimes there is a requirement to enhance laboratory facilities. g. Most of financial institution, government money lending institutions, and even some large scale business places are advised to fit camera and associate security systems with using computers to identify criminals. h. House can be secured with fixing small electronic alert equipment which is not expensive. i. Vehicles can be fixed with special remote sensible alert system. Costs of this equipment are very less but must be produced in larger scale. h. Media and other new technical ways and means can be utilized to educate people. Even in films may also be subjected to give the message to general public. i. With good intelligence combine with technology, will reduce drugs trafficking rate. On the other hand it will help to minimize other crime pertaining to robbery. j. New technology to detect crimes with using satellite, radar system or any other technology means of detection methods. k. National identity card which we are using can be produced by some body. In order to enhance security system of national identity card some magnetic sensitive identity(bar coded) card can be introduced. Though it is expensive at the beginning it will be reduced the large scale property damages and the cost of the detection of crimes. l. New technologies for detection of communication in the form of telephone, mobile phone and internet means of communication to be introduced for crime detection personals. m. By using technology the detection process to be accelerated to suit with future requirements n. We need new technology as well as specialized knowledge on computer and internet. o. Media got so many responsibilities to prevention of crimes. But some instance media also contribute to produce criminals. Media in terms of government and private sector is to be used for preventing crimes.

Night Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without a doubt, one of the darkest episodes in the history of mankind involved the systematic extermination of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and gays by Nazi Germany. In order to get a good sense of the horror and despair that was felt by the interned, one simply needs to read the memoirs of Elie Wiesel in his â€Å"Night†, as translated from French by Stella Rodway and copyrighted by Bantam Books in 1960.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elie Wiesel was born in Sighet, Transylvania. His parents ran a shop and cared for him and his three siblings, Hilda, Bea, and Tzipora. Early on, the Jewish community of Sighet payed little heed to the stories of what had happened to foreign Jews that were expelled. By the time Germans had entered Sighet, it was too late for the people to escape their fates. At first, they were made to give up all of their valuable possessions and move into makeshift ghettos. Next came deportation of the entire community to the Auschwitz internment camp. The way that the people were piled into cattle wagons was only a precurser of appalling events that were to come. The horror really dawned on Elie when he realized that the large smokestacks that he saw were from crematoriums that were set up to burn the bodies of the thousands upon thousands of Jews that were killed in the gas chamber. Elie paints a portrait of life in the camp, which included hours of back-breaking labor, fear o f hangings, and an overall theme throughout the book: starvation. The prisoners were given only black coffee in the morning, and soup and a crust of bread in the evening. The most terrifying aspect of the entire experience was the â€Å"selection†, the picking out of those that were to sick, old, or weak to be useful. These unfortunate souls were thrown into the fires. The one constant in Elie’s life was his father, who along with his son and all other prisoners, were later forced to evacuate to trains that would bring them to the Buchenwald internment camp deep in Germany, under the pressure of the Allied forces on the area. The final horrific scene in this book was how the interned, in mass, were forced to run full speed for hours on end, the people that lagged being shot on sight. The story culminated in the death of Elie’s father, and the eventual freedom of the Survivors of these death camps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The way that Elie describe... ... day, Pope John Paul II apologized for the past sins of the church, but did not address the way that Pope Pious VII threw a deaf ear towards the Holocaust. What is more disturbing than the fact that their was not opposition to the Nazis by other European countries is the fact that something as horrible as this could happen again. In Bosnia and Herzegovina in the early 1990’s, the â€Å"ethnic cleansing† of Muslims and Croats by Serbs led to the removal of 2.5 million people from cities and villages, mass murders, and the internment of men and boys in as many as 100 concentration camps. Although the situation did not escalate to the point of the Holocaust, it showed the ignorance of people as to past events.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To conclude, Elie Wiesel’s â€Å"Night† is a haunting and accurate account of the cruelty that man can inflict on man. The lessons learned from this account cannot be forgotten. If they are, then they are sure to be repeated. Works Cited â€Å"Ethnic Cleansing.† The Complete Reference Collection. 1998ed. CD-ROM. The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learning Company, Inc., 1998. â€Å"Holocaust.† The Complete Reference Collection. 1998ed. CD-ROM. The Learning

Gene Therapy Regualtion :: Science Genetics Essays

Gene Therapy Regualtion Gene therapy techniques are a rapidly growing area of interest and concern. Gene therapy technologies will have great impacts on how deal with medical problems and perhaps even on how we live our lives. Yes, gene therapy is something that will probab ly impact your life in one form or another. There are many issues discussed related to this topic, one of which is regulation. Who should regulate this research and to what extent should it be regulated? The following essay addresses the later question . This essay will explain what gene therapy is, how it is regulated, and will discuss the philosophies on how it should be regulated. Who ultimately decides the uses of gene therapy, and will those making these decisions keep your interests in mind? It is in the best interests of everyone that society develop proactive means of regulating gene therapy to maximize benefits and minimize the risks. Human gene therapy is one of the newest advances bridging science and medicine in our modern world. In the most basic sense, it involves changing the genetic composition of certain cells in the human to correct a "defect" in the genetic code that is c ausing undesirable characteristics such as a disease. A person's genetic code is responsible for coding proteins which constitutes our physical makeup. A single alteration to this code can result in a lethal disease. In gene therapy, genes with the cor rect code are inserted into the cell. The method of choice to insert desired genes into human cells is through a virus vector in which the virus inserts modified DNA to replace the DNA that is causing the genetic problem (Coutts). Once the DNA is in th e cell, it can code for the desired protein needed to make the patient well. If the cells that are treated in your body are not reproductive cells, this type of gene therapy is called somatic cell therapy. This technique means it only affec ts those trea ted cells and will not be a genetic trait passed on to future generations. In somatic gene therapy, treatments often have to be conducted every couple of months because cells continually are being replaced in the body. Germ-line therapy is a procedure in which reproductive cells are altered. This results in future generations that carry this same alteration. Much debate over gene therapy has erupted as scientific advances have brought this technology to the application phase.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 110-112

CHAPTER 110 Director Sato stood alone in the study, waiting while the CIA satellite-imaging division processed her request. One of the luxuries of working in the D.C. area was the satellite coverage. With luck, one of them might have been properly positioned to get photos of this home tonight . . . possibly capturing a vehicle leaving the place in the last half hour. â€Å"Sorry, ma'am,† the satellite technician said. â€Å"No coverage of those coordinates tonight. Do you want to make a reposition request?† â€Å"No thanks. Too late.† She hung up. Sato exhaled, now having no idea how they would figure out where their target had gone. She walked out to the foyer, where her men had bagged Agent Hartmann's body and were carrying it toward the chopper. Sato had ordered Agent Simkins to gather his men and prepare for the return to Langley, but Simkins was in the living room on his hands and knees. He looked like he was ill. â€Å"You okay?† He glanced up, an odd look on his face. â€Å"Did you see this?† He pointed at the living-room floor. Sato came over and looked down at the plush carpet. She shook her head, seeing nothing. â€Å"Crouch down,† Simkins said. â€Å"Look at the nap of the carpet.† She did. After a moment, she saw it. The fibers of the carpet looked like they had been mashed down . . . depressed along two straight lines as if the wheels of something heavy had been rolled across the room. â€Å"The strange thing,† Simkins said, â€Å"is where the tracks go.† He pointed. Sato's gaze followed the faint parallel lines across the living-room carpet. The tracks seemed to disappear beneath a large floor-to-ceiling painting that hung beside the fireplace. What in the world? Simkins walked over to the painting and tried to lift it down from the wall. It didn't budge. â€Å"It's fixed,† he said, now running his fingers around the edges. â€Å"Hold on, there's something underneath . . .† His finger hit a small lever beneath the bottom edge, and something clicked. Sato stepped forward as Simkins pushed the frame and the entire painting rotated slowly on its center, like a revolving door. He raised his flashlight and shined it into the dark space beyond. Sato's eyes narrowed. Here we go. At the end of a short corridor stood a heavy metal door. The memories that had billowed through the blackness of Langdon's mind had come and gone. In their wake, a trail of red-hot sparks was swirling, along with the same eerie, distant whisper. Verbum significatium . . . Verbum omnificum . . . Verbum perdo. The chanting continued like the drone of voices in a medieval canticle. Verbum significatium . . . Verbum omnificum. The words now tumbled through the empty void, fresh voices echoing all around him. Apocalypsis . . . Franklin . . . Apocalypsis . . . Verbum . . . Apocalypsis . . . Without warning, a mournful bell began tolling somewhere in the distance. The bell rang on and on, growing louder. It tolled more urgently now, as if hoping Langdon would understand, as if urging his mind to follow. CHAPTER 111 The tolling bell in the clock tower rang for three full minutes, rattling the crystal chandelier that hung above Langdon's head. Decades ago, he had attended lectures in this well-loved assembly hall at Phillips Exeter Academy. Today, however, he was here to listen to a dear friend address the student body. As the lights dimmed, Langdon took a seat against the back wall, beneath a pantheon of headmaster portraits. A hush fell across the crowd. In total darkness, a tall, shadowy figure crossed the stage and took the podium. â€Å"Good morning,† the faceless voice whispered into the microphone. Everyone sat up, straining to see who was addressing them. A slide projector flashed to life, revealing a faded sepia photograph–a dramatic castle with a red sandstone facade, high square towers, and Gothic embellishments. The shadow spoke again. â€Å"Who can tell me where this is?† â€Å"England!† a girl declared in the darkness. â€Å"This facade is a blend of early Gothic and late Romanesque, making this the quintessential Norman castle and placing it in England at about the twelfth century.† â€Å"Wow,† the faceless voice replied. â€Å"Someone knows her architecture.† Quiet groans all around. â€Å"Unfortunately,† the shadow added, â€Å"you missed by three thousand miles and half a millennium.† The room perked up. The projector now flashed a full-color, modern photo of the same castle from a different angle. The castle's Seneca Creek sandstone towers dominated the foreground, but in the background, startlingly close, stood the majestic, white, columned dome of the U.S. Capitol Building. â€Å"Hold on!† the girl exclaimed. â€Å"There's a Norman castle in D.C.?!† â€Å"Since 1855,† the voice replied. â€Å"Which is when this next photo was taken.† A new slide appeared–a black-and-white interior shot, depicting a massive vaulted ballroom, furnished with animal skeletons, scientific display cases, glass jars with biological samples, archaeological artifacts, and plaster casts of prehistoric reptiles. â€Å"This wondrous castle,† the voice said, â€Å"was America's first real science museum. It was a gift to America from a wealthy British scientist who, like our forefathers, believed our fledgling country could become the land of enlightenment. He bequeathed to our forefathers a massive fortune and asked them to build at the core of our nation `an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.' † He paused a long moment. â€Å"Who can tell me the name of this generous scientist?† A timid voice in front ventured, â€Å"James Smithson?† A whisper of recognition rippled through the crowd. â€Å"Smithson indeed,† the man on stage replied. Peter Solomon now stepped into the light, his gray eyes flashing playfully. â€Å"Good morning. My name is Peter Solomon, and I am secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.† The students broke into wild applause. In the shadows, Langdon watched with admiration as Peter captivated the young minds with a photographic tour of the Smithsonian Institution's early history. The show began with Smithsonian Castle, its basement science labs, corridors lined with exhibits, a salon full of mollusks, scientists who called themselves â€Å"the curators of crustaceans,† and even an old photo of the castle's two most popular residents–a pair of now-deceased owls named Diffusion and Increase. The half-hour slide show ended with an impressive satellite photo of the National Mall, now lined with enormous Smithsonian museums. â€Å"As I said when I began,† Solomon stated in conclusion, â€Å"James Smithson and our forefathers envisioned our great country to be a land of enlightenment. I believe today they would be proud. Their great Smithsonian Institution stands as a symbol of science and knowledge at the very core of America. It is a living, breathing, working tribute to our forefathers' dream for America–a country founded on the principles of knowledge, wisdom, and science.† Solomon clicked off the slides to an energetic round of applause. The houselights came up, along with dozens of eager hands with questions. Solomon called on a small red-haired boy in the middle. â€Å"Mr. Solomon?† the boy said, sounding puzzled. â€Å"You said our forefathers fled the religious oppression of Europe to establish a country on the principles of scientific advancement.† â€Å"That's correct.† â€Å"But . . . I was under the impression our forefathers were devoutly religious men who founded America as a Christian nation.† Solomon smiled. â€Å"My friends, don't get me wrong, our forefathers were deeply religious men, but they were Deists–men who believed in God, but in a universal and open-minded way. The only religious ideal they put forth was religious freedom.† He pulled the microphone from the podium and strode out to the edge of the stage. â€Å"America's forefathers had a vision of a spiritually enlightened utopia, in which freedom of thought, education of the masses, and scientific advancement would replace the darkness of outdated religious superstition.† A blond girl in back raised her hand. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Sir,† the girl said, holding up her cell phone, â€Å"I've been researching you online, and Wikipedia says you're a prominent Freemason.† Solomon held up his Masonic ring. â€Å"I could have saved you the data charges.† The students laughed. â€Å"Yes, well,† the girl continued, hesitating, â€Å"you just mentioned `outdated religious superstition,' and it seems to me that if anyone is responsible for propagating outdated superstitions . . . it would be the Masons.† Solomon seemed unfazed. â€Å"Oh? How so?† â€Å"Well, I've read a lot about Masonry, and I know you've got a lot of strange ancient rituals and beliefs. This article online even says that Masons believe in the power of some kind of ancient magical wisdom . . . which can elevate man to the realm of the gods?† Everyone turned and stared at the girl as if she were nuts. â€Å"Actually,† Solomon said, â€Å"she's right.† The kids all spun around and faced front, eyes widening. Solomon suppressed a smile and asked the girl, â€Å"Does it offer any other Wiki-wisdom about this magical knowledge?† The girl looked uneasy now, but she began to read from the Web site. â€Å"`To ensure this powerful wisdom could not be used by the unworthy, the early adepts wrote down their knowledge in code . . . cloaking its potent truth in a metaphorical language of symbols, myth, and allegory. To this day, this encrypted wisdom is all around us . . . encoded in our mythology, our art, and the occult texts of the ages. Unfortunately, modern man has lost the ability to decipher this complex network of symbolism . . . and the great truth has been lost.'† Solomon waited. â€Å"That's all?† The girl shifted in her seat. â€Å"Actually, there is a little bit more.† â€Å"I should hope so. Please . . . tell us.† The girl looked hesitant, but she cleared her throat and continued. â€Å"`According to legend, the sages who encrypted the Ancient Mysteries long ago left behind a key of sorts . . . a password that could be used to unlock the encrypted secrets. This magical password–known as the verbum significatium–is said to hold the power to lift the darkness and unlock the Ancient Mysteries, opening them to all human understanding.' â€Å" Solomon smiled wistfully. â€Å"Ah, yes . . . the verbum significatium.† He stared into space for a moment and then lowered his eyes again to the blond girl. â€Å"And where is this wonderful word now?† The girl looked apprehensive, clearly wishing she had not challenged their guest speaker. She finished reading. † `Legend holds that the verbum significatium is buried deep underground, where it waits patiently for a pivotal moment in history . . . a moment when mankind can no longer survive without the truth, knowledge, and wisdom of the ages. At this dark crossroads, mankind will at last unearth the Word and herald in a wondrous new age of enlightenment.' â€Å" The girl turned off her phone and shrank down in her seat. After a long silence, another student raised his hand. â€Å"Mr. Solomon, you don't actually believe that, right?† Solomon smiled. â€Å"Why not? Our mythologies have a long tradition of magic words that provide insight and godlike powers. To this day, children still shout `abracadabra' in hopes of creating something out of nothing. Of course, we've all forgotten that this word is not a toy; it has roots in ancient Aramaic mysticism–Avrah KaDabra–meaning `I create as I speak.' â€Å" Silence. â€Å"But, sir,† the student now pressed, â€Å"surely you don't believe that a single word . . . this verbum significatium . . . whatever it is . . . has the power to unlock ancient wisdom . . . and bring about a worldwide enlightenment?† Peter Solomon's face revealed nothing. â€Å"My own beliefs should not concern you. What should concern you is that this prophecy of a coming enlightenment is echoed in virtually every faith and philosophical tradition on earth. Hindus call it the Krita Age, astrologers call it the Age of Aquarius, the Jews describe the coming of the Messiah, theosophists call it the New Age, cosmologists call it Harmonic Convergence and predict the actual date.† â€Å"December 21, 2012!† someone called. â€Å"Yes, unnervingly soon . . . if you're a believer in Mayan math.† Langdon chuckled, recalling how Solomon, ten years ago, had correctly predicted the current spate of television specials predicting that the year 2012 would mark the End of the World. â€Å"Timing aside,† Solomon said, â€Å"I find it wondrous to note that throughout history, all of mankind's disparate philosophies have all concurred on one thing–that a great enlightenment is coming. In every culture, in every era, in every corner of the world, the human dream has focused on the same exact concept–the coming apotheosis of man . . . the impending transformation of our human minds into their true potentiality.† He smiled. â€Å"What could possibly explain such a synchronicity of beliefs?† â€Å"Truth,† said a quiet voice in the crowd. Solomon wheeled. â€Å"Who said that?† The hand that went up belonged to a tiny Asian boy whose soft features suggested he might be Nepalese or Tibetan. â€Å"Maybe there is a universal truth embedded in everyone's soul. Maybe we all have the same story hiding inside, like a shared constant in our DNA. Maybe this collective truth is responsible for the similarity in all of our stories.† Solomon was beaming as he pressed his hands together and bowed reverently to the boy. â€Å"Thank you.† Everyone was quiet. â€Å"Truth,† Solomon said, addressing the room. â€Å"Truth has power. And if we all gravitate toward similar ideas, maybe we do so because those ideas are true . . . written deep within us. And when we hear the truth, even if we don't understand it, we feel that truth resonate within us . . . vibrating with our unconscious wisdom. Perhaps the truth is not learned by us, but rather, the truth is re-called . . . re-membered . . . re-cognized . . . as that which is already inside us.† The silence in the hall was complete. Solomon let it sit for a long moment, then quietly said, â€Å"In closing, I should warn you that unveiling the truth is never easy. Throughout history, every period of enlightenment has been accompanied by darkness, pushing in opposition. Such are the laws of nature and balance. And if we look at the darkness growing in the world today, we have to realize that this means there is equal light growing. We are on the verge of a truly great period of illumination, and all of us–all of you–are profoundly blessed to be living through this pivotal moment of history. Of all the people who have ever lived, in all the eras in history . . . we are in that narrow window of time during which we will bear witness to our ultimate renaissance. After millennia of darkness, we will see our sciences, our minds, and even our religions unveil the truth.† Solomon was about to get a hearty round of applause when he held up his hand for silence. â€Å"Miss?† He pointed directly to the contentious blond girl in back with the cell phone. â€Å"I know you and I didn't agree on much, but I want to thank you. Your passion is an important catalyst in the coming changes. Darkness feeds on apathy . . . and conviction is our most potent antidote. Keep studying your faith. Study the Bible.† He smiled. â€Å"Especially the final pages.† â€Å"The Apocalypse?† she said. â€Å"Absolutely. The Book of Revelation is a vibrant example of our shared truth. The last book of the Bible tells the identical story as countless other traditions. They all predict the coming unveiling of great wisdom.† Someone else said, â€Å"But isn't the Apocalypse about the end of the world? You know, the Antichrist, Armageddon, the final battle between good and evil?† Solomon chuckled. â€Å"Who here studies Greek?† Several hands went up. â€Å"What does the word apocalypse literally mean?† â€Å"It means,† one student began, and then paused as if surprised. â€Å"Apocalypse means `to unveil' . . . or `to reveal.' â€Å" Solomon gave the boy a nod of approval. â€Å"Exactly. The Apocalypse is literally a reveal-ation. The Book of Reveal-ation in the Bible predicts an unveiling of great truth and unimaginable wisdom. The Apocalypse is not the end of the world, but rather it is the end of the world as we know it. The prophecy of the Apocalypse is just one of the Bible's beautiful messages that has been distorted.† Solomon stepped to the front of the stage. â€Å"Believe me, the Apocalypse is coming . . . and it will be nothing like what we were taught.† High over his head, the bell began to toll. The students erupted into bewildered and thunderous applause. CHAPTER 112 Katherine Solomon was teetering on the edge of consciousness when she was jolted by the shock wave of a deafening explosion. Moments later, she smelled smoke. Her ears were ringing. There were muffled voices. Distant. Shouting. Footsteps. Suddenly she was breathing more clearly. The cloth had been pulled from her mouth. â€Å"You're safe,† a man's voice whispered. â€Å"Just hold on.† She expected the man to pull the needle out of her arm but instead he was yelling orders. â€Å"Bring the medical kit . . . attach an IV to the needle . . . infuse lactated Ringer's solution . . . get me a blood pressure.† As the man began checking her vital signs, he said, â€Å"Ms. Solomon, the person who did this to you . . . where did he go?† Katherine tried to speak, but she could not. â€Å"Ms. Solomon?† the voice repeated. â€Å"Where did he go?† Katherine tried to pry her eyes open, but she felt herself fading. â€Å"We need to know where he went,† the man urged. Katherine whispered three words in response, although she knew they made no sense. â€Å"The . . . sacred . . . mountain.† Director Sato stepped over the mangled steel door and descended a wooden ramp into the hidden basement. One of her agents met her at the bottom. â€Å"Director, I think you'll want to see this.† Sato followed the agent into a small room off the narrow hallway. The room was brightly lit and barren, except for a pile of clothing on the floor. She recognized Robert Langdon's tweed coat and loafers. Her agent pointed toward the far wall at a large, casketlike container. What in the world? Sato moved toward the container, seeing now that it was fed by a clear plastic pipe that ran through the wall. Warily, she approached the tank. Now she could see that it had a small slider on top. She reached down and slid the covering to one side, revealing a small portal-like window. Sato recoiled. Beneath the Plexiglas . . . floated the submerged, vacant face of Professor Robert Langdon. Light! The endless void in which Langdon hovered was suddenly filled by a blinding sun. Rays of white-hot light streamed across the blackness of space, burning into his mind. The light was everywhere. Suddenly, within the radiant cloud before him, a beautiful silhouette appeared. It was a face . . . blurry and indistinct . . . two eyes staring at him across the void. Streams of light surrounded the face, and Langdon wondered if he was looking into the face of God. Sato stared down into the tank, wondering if Professor Langdon had any idea what had happened. She doubted it. After all, disorientation was the entire purpose of this technology. Sensory-deprivation tanks had been around since the fifties and were still a popular getaway for wealthy New Age experimenters. â€Å"Floating,† as it was called, offered a transcendental back-to- the-womb experience . . . a kind of meditative aid that quieted brain activity by removing all sensory input–light, sound, touch, and even the pull of gravity. In traditional tanks, the person would float on his back in a hyperbuoyant saline solution that kept his face above the water so he could breathe. In recent years, however, these tanks had taken a quantum leap. Oxygenated perfluorocarbons. This new technology–known as Total Liquid Ventilation (TLV)–was so counterintuitive that few believed it existed. Breathable liquid. Liquid breathing had been a reality since 1966, when Leland C. Clark successfully kept alive a mouse that had been submerged for several hours in an oxygenated perfluorocarbon. In 1989, TLV technology made a dramatic appearance in the movie The Abyss, although few viewers realized that they were watching real science. Total Liquid Ventilation had been born of modern medicine's attempts to help premature babies breathe by returning them to the liquid-filled state of the womb. Human lungs, having spent nine months in utero, were no strangers to a liquid-filled state. Perfluorocarbons had once been too viscous to be fully breathable, but modern breakthroughs had made breathable liquids almost the consistency of water. The CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology–â€Å"the Wizards of Langley,† as they were known within the intelligence community–had worked extensively with oxygenated perfluorocarbons to develop technologies for the U.S. military. The navy's elite deep-ocean diving teams found that breathing oxygenated liquid, rather than the usual heliox or trimix, gave them the ability to dive to much greater depths without risk of pressure sickness. Similarly, NASA and the air force had learned that pilots equipped with a liquid breathing apparatus rather than a traditional oxygen tank could withstand far higher g-forces than usual because liquid spread the g-force more evenly throughout the internal organs than gas did. Sato had heard that there were now â€Å"extreme experience labs† where one could try these Total Liquid Ventilation tanks–â€Å"Meditation Machines,† as they were called. This particular tank had probably been installed for its owner's private experimentation, although the addition of heavy, lockable latches left little doubt in Sato's mind that this tank had also been used for darker applications . . . an interrogation technique with which the CIA was familiar. The infamous interrogation technique of water boarding was highly effective because the victim truly believed he was drowning. Sato knew of several classified operations in which sensory- deprivation tanks like these had been used to enhance that illusion to terrifying new levels. A victim submerged in breathable liquid could literally be â€Å"drowned.† The panic associated with the drowning experience usually made the victim unaware that the liquid he was breathing was slightly more viscous than water. When the liquid poured into his lungs, he would often black out from fear, and then awaken in the ultimate â€Å"solitary confinement.† Topical numbing agents, paralysis drugs, and hallucinogens were mixed with the warm oxygenated liquid to give the prisoner the sense he was entirely separated from his body. When his mind sent commands to move his limbs, nothing happened. The state of being â€Å"dead† was terrifying on its own, but the true disorientation came from the â€Å"rebirthing† process, which, with the aid of bright lights, cold air, and deafening noise, could be extremely traumatic and painful. After a handful of rebirths and subsequent drownings, the prisoner became so disorientated that he had no idea if he was alive or dead . . . and he would tell the interrogator absolutely anything. Sato wondered if she should wait for a medical team to extract Langdon, but she knew she didn't have time. I need to know what he knows. â€Å"Turn out the lights,† she said. â€Å"And find me some blankets.† The blinding sun had vanished. The face had also disappeared. The blackness had returned, but Langdon could now hear distant whispers echoing across the light-years of emptiness. Muffled voices . . . unintelligible words. There were vibrations now . . . as if the world were about to shake apart. Then it happened. Without warning, the universe was ripped in two. An enormous chasm opened in the void . . . as if space itself had ruptured at the seams. A grayish mist poured through the opening, and Langdon saw a terrifying sight. Disembodied hands were suddenly reaching for him, grabbing his body, trying to yank him out of his world. No! He tried to fight them off, but he had no arms . . . no fists. Or did he? Suddenly he felt his body materializing around his mind. His flesh had returned and it was being seized by powerful hands that were dragging him upward. No! Please! But it was too late. Pain racked his chest as the hands heaved him through the opening. His lungs felt like they were filled with sand. I can't breathe! He was suddenly on his back on the coldest, hardest surface he could imagine. Something was pressing on his chest, over and over, hard and painful. He was spewing out the warmth. I want to go back. He felt like he was a child being born from a womb. He was convulsing, coughing up liquid. He felt pain in his chest and neck. Excruciating pain. His throat was on fire. People were talking, trying to whisper, but it was deafening. His vision was blurred, and all he could see was muted shapes. His skin felt numb, like dead leather. His chest felt heavier now . . . pressure. I can't breathe! He was coughing up more liquid. An overwhelming gag reflex seized him, and he gasped inward. Cold air poured into his lungs, and he felt like a newborn taking his first breath on earth. This world was excruciating. All Langdon wanted was to return to the womb. Robert Langdon had no idea how much time had passed. He could feel now that he was lying on his side, wrapped in towels and blankets on a hard floor. A familiar face was gazing down at him . . . but the streams of glorious light were gone. The echoes of distant chanting still hung in his mind. Verbum significatium . . . Verbum omnificum . . . â€Å"Professor Langdon,† someone whispered. â€Å"Do you know where you are?† Langdon nodded weakly, still coughing. More important, he had begun to realize what was going on tonight.

Henry Iv – Moral Centre

Hanh-Thy Chau 2M N. Wittlin February 25, 2003 ENG2DB-02 A Revision of Morality in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part One Who is the moral centre in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part one? This will ceaselessly be a question challenging the intentions of Shakespeare’s literature. However, [didn’t Wittlin say don’t start with however else its after a semi-colon] the question in this revision of morality in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part one is, is there even a moral center in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part one? Humanity is incapable of absolute goodness; therefore, there is no moral centre in Henry IV, Part one since the three major characters, King Henry, Prince Hal, and Sir John Falstaff, are all somewhat morally flawed. Shakespeare reveals the imperfection of human nature through the behaviour of his [these] characters. First of all, King Henry sets a presumed reputation as the religious, loved and strong leader of England in Henry IV, Part one for his subjects. However, his supposed virtues are only results of his concealed faults. Ironically, the King can be quite blasphemous, despicable, and pathetic. Throughout the play, Henry is evidently repenting for his conduct in his acquirement of the British thrown. This is shown in his belief of â€Å"whether God will have it so, /†¦To punish my [King Henry’s] mistreadings† (III. ii. 4-11) and that â€Å"God pardon† (III. iii. 29) Hal for his unpunished sins of his bad company. Furthermore, King Henry’s disgraceful conduct clearly reveals the false reception of love from his subjects. This is especially revealed in his relationship based on conditional love with Prince Hal. His opinion of Hal, which changed from a state of â€Å"riot and dishonour† (I. i. 4) to one of â€Å"charge and sovereign† (III. iii. 161), is only established on restricted affection and Hal’s social image, rather than a personal benevolence between parent and child. In addition, another of King Henry’s loathsome features is again shown through his attainment of the throne: deceitful behaviour. Furthermore, the King’s pathetic nature is revealed by his insecurity. The play begins with the King expressing his paranoid worries, being â€Å"so shaken† and â€Å"wan with care† (I. i. 1-2), accordingly presenting the audience with its first impression of the supposedly strong leader. King Henry deceitfully attempts to use the â€Å"chase† of the â€Å"pagans in these holy fields/†¦for our [England’s] advantage† (I. i. 24-27) to distract the â€Å"civil butchery† (I. i. 13) back home in England. Overall, the life events of King Henry IV’s does not present a very moral reputation for a man of worthy of such power and prestige. Secondly, Prince Hal clearly shows both positive aspects and negative aspects, as his character undergoes great change in Henry IV, Part one. Hal gives the audience the impression of his intentions to â€Å"throw off† (I. iii. 05) his uncouthly behaviour moral to please the King, the alleged victim in Henry IV, Part one. Hal believes he can â€Å"find pardon on† his â€Å"true submission† (III. ii. 28) by satisfy his father’s expectations for the throne’s heir and discard the values of his loving surrogate father, Falstaff. As revealed in the previous quotation of pard oned submission, one of Hal’s admirable aspects is his open ability to accept his faults; however, it seems his judgement regarding the class, justice, and honour system remains stereotyped by knightly tradition. Although Prince Hal’s resultant persona is traditionally considered positive, Hal’s most commonly shown qualities in the play are characterized as manipulative, superficial and unemotional, all of which further reveal his immoral faults. Hal’s manipulative nature is exposed throughout Henry IV, Part one. Prince Hal’s manipulative intelligence is first revealed in his soliloquy, where he vows to â€Å"falsify men’s hopes/ and†¦so offend to make offense a skill† (I. iii. 205-211). Hal’s aptitude for manipulating is further proven in his sudden abandonment of Falstaff and his low class company, as foreshadowed when Hal symbolically states that â€Å"by breaking through the foul and ugly mists†¦my [Hal’s] reformation†¦shall show more goodly† (I. ii. 196-). In this quote, the clouds represent Falstaff and company and the beauty in reference [to†¦] is the reformed Hal. An addition to Hal’s [im] amoral traits is his superficiality. Hal’s superficiality is shown in his judgement of physical image. This is shown in his constant vulgar references to Falstaff’s obesity: a â€Å"fat-witted with drinking of old sack† (I. ii. 2) and his abandonment of Falstaff’s role in his life after his reformation. Hal’s commitment [to] the traditional expectations of honour results in the betrayal of Falstaff’s hedonistic approach on life and his only endeavour is to please the man who had offered a pitiful excuse of love incomparable to what Falstaff had to offer: unconditional love. These examples of Hal’s superficiality also support Hal’s lack of sympathy for others. Hal’s cold behaviour towards others is shown in his hypocritical approach for Falstaff’s hedonistic [maybe use self-gratifying] attitude. Hal is unaware of his own form of intemperance: he strives to improve his own self-image at the expense of others. Despite Hal’s admirable traits as a respectable member of court, as a human being, Prince Hal’s amorality is quite apparent by the distinction of his actions. Lastly, despite Sir John Falstaff’s self-gratifying lifestyle, he seems to be the most moral character in Henry IV, Part one, although not wholly moral because as previously addressed, human nature is inept of utter goodness. Due to Sir John Falstaff’s philosophies, many have claimed to be fond of his self-indulging ways but admit the ridicule behind paying formal respect to such a person. Falstaff cleverly manipulates others for his own welfare; however, it is only in good nature. This is proven in Act III scene iii, when Falstaff distorts the situation of his debt to Mistress Quickly into one of an accusation of her being the thief of his â€Å"picked†¦pocket† [wasn’t he really pick pocketed? ](III. iii. 53), and more wittingly forgives her in the end as she goes to prepare his meal, intending no spite upon the hostess. Falstaff deceives, cowards [not an action; cannot be used in this senctense], drinks â€Å"of old sack† (I. ii. 2) and commits virtually every sin. Shakespeare masterfully moulds these negative aspects into unusual forms of virtue in Falstaff’s character by showing that Falstaff means no harm. In doing this, Shakespeare cleverly twists the faults upon the regal members of society by building the play upon the disputes between themselves; thus, showing the power of such subtle issues, barely considered sinful, causing â€Å"civil butchery† (I. i. 13), whereas the sinful ways of â€Å"Old Jack Falstaff† (II. iv. 72) has no such effect. Although Falstaff’s pleasure priorities may be rather farfetched, his â€Å"gift†¦is youthful irresponsibility, which must be cherished even though it cannot last† (p. xx). Falstaff’s commonly repeated idea that â€Å"young men must live† (II. ii. 90) emphasizes his belief in the value of youth ful irresponsibility and luxury. Shakespeare grants Falstaff the embodiment of human nature itself, excluding extreme wicked sins, leaving Falstaff’s childlike benevolence untouched; this is shown as he pompously states, â€Å"I have more flesh than another man, and therefore more frailty† (III. ii. 167-169). Falstaff serves as a bringer of human nature as he serves to foil all other characters therefore revealing everyone moral flaws yet remaining the most moral character due to his youthful benevolence. In conclusion, Shakespeare brilliantly provokes the audiences’ involvement in his plays by presenting them with intellectual trials to the mysteries of life. Because [r u sure that u want to start a sentence with that] absolute morality is unachievable, Shakespeare does not put forward a definite moral center in Henry IV, Part one. There will always be a balance of both positive and negative forces as the faults and virtues of King Henry, Prince Hal and Sir John Falstaff were discussed. This is very good. You explained your points well just a couple of minor mistakes but I think you’ll get a good mark. Sorry for not responding I was eating dinner sorry. Talk to you later ok. Bye Word Count: 1 189 Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Henry IV, Part one. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988